Obstacle Avoiding Robot Without Using Any Microcontroller

In this tutorial, I will show you a simple project about an Obstacle Avoiding Robot. Robotics is so much interesting and fast-growing field. In the field of engineering science, the applications of robotics are increasing with technology.

There are many types of robotic technology like AI-based, self-controlling, and humanoid controlled. An Obstacle Avoiding Robot is a type of self-controlling autonomous robot that can avoid collisions with unexpected obstacles.

It is a non-microcontroller-based robot that uses IR proximity sensors to avoid collisions.

Must Read Obstacle Avoiding Line Follower Robot Using Arduino

Project

Circuit Diagram

Components Required

• L298 Motor Driver
• IR Proximity Sensor
• BO Motor
• Wheel
• Chasis
• 9V Battery

About Parts

L298 Motor Driver

If you have selected the DC geared motors then you can either use the L298N driver module or an L293D driver module. Both are similar in work. The Difference is that L298N is more powerful than L293D. But in that case, we can use any of them.

Motor

The best choice of motor that you can use for a line following robot, without a doubt will be a DC-geared motor. Yes, it is not mandatory to have a costly motor; the bot works fine with these cheap yellow-coloured DC geared motors as well.

Wheel

I had a tough time figuring out that the problem was with my wheels. So make sure your wheels have a good grip over the floor you are using. Watch closely, your grip should never allow your wheels to skit on the floor.

Chassis

Another place where you should not compromise is with your robot’s chassis. You can use cardboard, wood, plastic anything that you are good with the line following robot. But, just make sure the chassis is sturdy and should not wiggle when the robot is trying to run. I have designed my own chassis with cardboard.

Circuit Connection

In the above obstacle avoiding robot project, we used an L298N motor driver. So at the beginning of the connection, the left and right motor’s wires are connected respectively to the left and right terminal block of the L298N driver.

The 12V positive terminal and the negative terminal of the L298N driver are directly connected to the respective 12V DC power supply.

A 5V positive supply will be also distributed from the 5V supply terminal of the l298 driver. 

After that, the positive and negative terminals of both the IR proximity sensor module will be connected to the positive 5V and negative supply of the L298N driver.

Finally, the output terminals of both IR sensors are directly connected to input pin 1 and pin 3 of the L298N driver respectively.

Working Principle of Obstacle Avoiding Robot

After finishing the assembling of the obstacle avoiding robot, connect the 9V battery via battery clip. When this is established, the robot will automatically start moving through the unstructured path without hitting any objects. 

When the left IR sensor senses any object on its way, it turns its wheel to the right until the sensor stops sensing. Similarly, when the right IR sensor senses an object, it turns left. If both the sensors sense object, then the robot will stop moving.