Controlling temperature is very essential in many places such as smart houses, server rooms, various types of industries where cooling is essential at all times. So this Arduino based temperature controlled fan can be very useful for understanding the basic principle that, how can we operate and maintain the temperature at our home. We can use this project anywhere as a portable device where the fan changes speed with the change of temperature.
In this project, I am going with a very common DHT11 temperature and humidity sensor for better results. This project can also be done in other simple ways as well using a thermistor or other temperature sensors like LM35, DS18B20 etc. But thermistor needs physical contacts of hot surfaces which is not accurate in some cases and contactless sensors are costly. While DHT11 is a cost-effective sensor and also a minimal contactless sensor.
With this device, we can be able to change the fan speed in our home or any place according to the room temperature. It also displays the real-time temperature and the changes of fan speed on a 16×2 LCD display. We are using here an Arduino, a 16×2 LCD display, a DHT11 sensor module, and a DC fan.
Must Read Temperature Controlled DC Fan Without Any Microcontroller
Project
Circuit Diagram
Components Required
- Arduino
- DHT11 Temperature & Humidity Sensor
- 16×2 LCD Display
- 2N2222 Transistor
- 1KΩ Resistor
- 12 Volt DC Fan
- Breadboard
- 12 Volt Power Supply
- Wires
PCB Design
For removing messy wiring and give a clean look, I designed a PCB prototype for this project. It is also helpful for troubleshooting that runs great without any errors. To design this PCB board, I used EasyEDA as it is too easy to use. For ordering PCB for this, I prefer PCBWay.
Gerber file for Temperature Controlled Fan Using Arduino Gerber.
PCB View
Order PCB From PCBWay
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Working Principle of Arduino Based Temperature Controlled Fan
This project has three different parts. In the first part, the DHT11 sensor senses the surrounding temperature. In the second part, the microcontroller reads the input data from the DHT11 sensor and converts that data to a suitably Celsius value and drive the speed of the dc fan using a PWM signal. And the third one includes the display part where the 16×2 LCD display shows the real-time temperature and the speed of the dc fan.
A detailed demo about the DHT11 on temperature and humidity measuring system where you will find the working principle of the DHT11 sensor.
The analog value is then applied to the analog to digital converter pin of the Arduino. After that the analog value will be converted into digital value using successive approximation method. When the temperature value cross the threshold value, Arduino sends a command signal to the motor driver using PWM output to switch on the dc fan.
We have created a PWM signal at the PWM pin of the Arduino board and applied it at the base terminal of the 2N2222 NPN transistor. Then transistor creates a voltage according to the PWM input given.
What is PWM Signal?
Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) or Pulse Duration Modulation (PDM) is a technique of reducing the average power delivered by an electrical signal. The average value of voltage or current fed to the load is controlled by turning the switch between supply and load on and off at a fast rate. It is basically a square wave in which this operates as a switch constantly on and off. It is widely used to control the speed of a DC motor and dimmable light bulb.
Working Value of DC Fan According on Temperature Value
| Temp | PWM Value | Speed |
|---|---|---|
| <26 | 0 | 0 |
| 26 | 51 | 20% |
| 27 | 102 | 40% |
| 28 | 153 | 60% |
| 29 | 204 | 80% |
| >29 | 255 | 100% |
Applications of Arduino Based Temperature Controlled Fan
- This device is useful for home automation system where temperature maintanence is essential with automated technic.
- Can be used in CPU cooling system to reduce extra energy consumption.
Arduino Code
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 | #include "DHT.h" //Library for DHT11 sensor #include<LiquidCrystal.h> //Library for 16x2 LCD display LiquidCrystal lcd(7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2); //Define 16x2 LCD display pins #define DHTPIN A0 //Define analog pin A0 as DHT11 sensor pin #define DHTTYPE DHT11 #define pwm 10 //Define digital pin 10 as PWM output //You can use either D9 or D10 as a PWM output byte degree[8] = { 0b00011, 0b00011, 0b00000, 0b00000, 0b00000, 0b00000, 0b00000, 0b00000 }; //Initialize DHT sensor for normal 16MHz Arduino DHT dht(DHTPIN, DHTTYPE); void setup() { lcd.begin(16, 2); lcd.createChar(1, degree); lcd.clear(); lcd.print("Temperature Controlled"); lcd.setCursor(0,1); lcd.print(" DC Fan "); delay(2000); analogWrite(pwm, 255); Serial.begin(9600); dht.begin(); } void loop() { delay(2000); float t = dht.readTemperature(); if (isnan(t)) { Serial.println("Failed to Read From DHT Sensor"); return; } lcd.setCursor(0,0); lcd.print("Temp= "); lcd.print(t); //Showing temperature on LCD display lcd.print(" *C"); lcd.setCursor(0,1); if(t<20) { analogWrite(9,0); lcd.print("Fan Speed= 0% "); delay(1000); } else if(t==26) { analogWrite(pwm, 51); lcd.print("Fan Speed= 20% "); delay(1000); } else if(t==27) { analogWrite(pwm, 102); lcd.print("Fan Speed= 40% "); delay(1000); } else if(t==28) { analogWrite(pwm, 153); lcd.print("Fan Speed= 60% "); delay(1000); } else if(t==29) { analogWrite(pwm, 204); lcd.print("Fan Speed= 80% "); delay(1000); } else if(t>29) { analogWrite(pwm, 255); lcd.print("Fan Speed= 100% "); delay(1000); } delay(3000); } |
Hi,
I think there is a mistake in line 65.
I think it should have been “else if(t==27)” and not “else if(t==20)”.
Best regards,
Avi Salto
Thank you for that clarification. It was my mistake