Infrared Sensor / Obstacle Detector Circuit Using LM358

In this electronics project, I will make an infrared sensor by utilizing IC LM358 with a simple step-by-step process. This sensor is analogous to human’s visionary senses. The activity of this sensor is so basic when an object is before it, the alarm or LED will glow up. We have two IR LEDs, a transmitter and a receiver. At the point when the current goes through the transmitter, it will emit IR beams. This can be seen by utilizing any camera device.

The receiver is utilized in reverse bias conditions and is used to catch IR beams. The cathode(-) of the LED is connected to the source (+) terminal. Being in reverse bias, the receiver will allow, in its initial state a small current to pass through it. At the point when the IR beam falls on the receiver, it will permit a higher current to go through it. Here we will use an LM358 IC, an op-amp that we will use as a comparator.

What is an Infrared Sensor?

An infrared sensor is an electronic device that measures and detects infrared radiation from its surroundings. When an object comes close to it, the infrared ray from the IR LED (Also called Transmitter) reflects from the object and is detected by the IR receiver ( Also called Photodiode).

Project

Infrared Sensor Using LM358

Circuit Diagram

infrared sensor circuit diagram

Components Required

  • LM358 IC
  • IR Transmitter
  • IR Receiver
  • 10 KΩ Potentiometer
  • LED
  • Resistor (1 KΩ, 10 KΩ, 220 Ω)
  • Piezo Buzzer
  • A Switch
  • 9V Battery

Circuit Connection

We will connect the infrared transmitter in series with a 220 Ω resistor as follows. The cathode(+) of the LED to the plus, and the anode(-) of the LED with resistance and the resistance to ground.

Next, we will connect the receiver in reverse bias mode and in parallel with the transmitter. The anode(-) will be connected to plus and the cathode(+) in series with the 10 KΩ resistance and the resistance to the ground.

At the point when the infrared sensor doesn’t capture infrared radiation, it has an extremely high internal resistance and the output voltage will be little. Also, when it begins to capture the radiation, its internal resistance will be exceptionally low and the output voltage will get higher.

At this point, this is functioning and we will add a 1 KΩ resistance in series with the LED. The resistor is connected to pin 1 and in series with the LED that is grounded.

Working Principle of Infrared Sensor

At first, we will put the IC LM358 on the breadboard. And then we should connect pin 8 to the power supply and pin 4 to the ground.

From that point onward, We will place the potentiometer on the breadboard and should watch that each of the three pins must be separated. We will associate the pins of the potentiometer as follows in the above circuit.

The sensing component in this circuit is the IR receiver. If the amount of infrared light will increase on their receiver, more current will flow through it (Energy from the IR transmitter is absorbed by electrons at the p-n junction of the photodiode, which causes current to flow through it).

When the current flows through the 10 KΩ resistor, there will create a potential difference. As the value of the resistor is constant, the voltage across the resistor is directly proportional to the current flowing, which in turn is directly proportional to the number of infrared waves on the receiver. So, when an object comes to the infrared sensor, the amount of IR rays from the IR transmitter that falls on the IR receiver increases, and therefore the voltage at the resistor increases.

Here in this infrared sensor, the LM358 IC is used as a comparator for comparing it and the reference voltage. The positive terminal of the IR receiver is connected to the non-inverting terminal of Op-Amp and the reference voltage is connected to the inverting terminal of Op-Amp.

The Op-Amp works in a way that whenever the voltage of the non-inverting terminal is more than the voltage of the inverting terminal, the output will be high and the LED will turn on.

When no object is near the sensor, there will be no output for no detection, and the LED will turn off.

We can adjust the potentiometer to drive the desired distance we need to measure. In the equivalent, when the object moves a long way from the infrared sensor, the voltage at non-inverting input diminishes, which causes Op-Amp to turn the LED or alarm off.

Applications of Infrared Sensor

  • It can quantify the warmth of an item just as it distinguishes the movement.
  • This type of sensor measures just infrared radiation, instead of discharging it which is known as an inactive infrared sensor.
  • It can also use for object detection in the Robotics industry.

14 thoughts on “Infrared Sensor / Obstacle Detector Circuit Using LM358”

  1. Good post. I learn something totally new and challenging on blogs I stumble upon every day. It will always be helpful to read articles from other authors and use a little something from their websites.

  2. Hello friends, it is great article about cultureand fully
    explained, keep it up all the time.

Leave a Comment