Design an FM Remote Encoder/Decoder Circuit

Are you looking for how to make a decent FM Remote Encoder/Decoder Circuit on the internet?

Well! your search has come to an end. Finding a decent and proper working self-DIY electronics project is a very daunting process. So in order to help you out, I have decided to build a suitable FM Remote Encoder/Decoder Circuit and also will test it before publishing this article.

I have searched for some encoder/decoder circuit which is already on the internet. But when I tested it for different applications, it results was not good enough. So I modified some components and their value to perform extremely well in our tests. This circuit is designed according to its performance, frequency range, and build quality.

Previously, we have already studied how to make a Short-Range FM Transmitter circuit. Now let us see how to design an FM remote encoder/decoder circuit using HT12E and HT12D encoder and decoder ICs. This pair of ICs establishes a strong communication network with high-level security for a transmission line. We will discuss in detail this encoder decoder ICs later in this article.

Table of Contents

Principle Behind FM Encoder/Decoder Circuit

FM stands for “Frequency Modulation” which means a system for sending radio signals in which the number of radio waves per second is changed in order to send information in the form of sound. If you press any button, then the corresponding hex code will be generated at the transmission circuit part accordingly. Here the main purpose of the encoder circuit is to convert parallel data into serial data. This serial data is then given to the FM transmitter circuit to transmit the data. After that, the FM receiver circuit received this encoded serial data and fed it to the decoder to decode the data as a corresponding output.

RF module is a radio frequency module which consists of two-part. One is the transmitter part which transmits the encoded radio signal and another is the receiver part which receives the encoded signal. Here I use a 433 MHz RF module for our purpose.

Project

Circuit Diagram

Components Required

HT12E Encoder IC
HT12D Decoder IC
FS1000A 433MHz Transmitter & Receiver Module
Resistor (1MΩ, 47KΩ)
Push Button (x4)
Indication LED (x4)
Connection Wire
3.7V Li-Ion Battery (x4)
Veroboard or Breadboard

PCB Design

After designing the schematic diagram of the FM Remote Encoder/Decoder Circuit, the assembled components and wiring are too clumsy and look unprofessional. In fact, the wiring also has a chance of loose connection. To give it a clean and professional look I decided to build its PCB prototype using EasyEDA software as it is so simple to use. Now come to the main part, where we need to order our PCB prototype. I always prefer PCBWay for their quality assurance, fastest delivery and also for 24/7 customer support.

Download Encoder Circuit Gerber File

Download Decoder Circuit Gerber File

PCB View

FM Remote Encoder/Decoder Circuit 2D View

FM Remote Encoder/Decoder Circuit 3D View

Why I Choose PCBWay as My First Preference?

I’ve done several runs with PCBWay and am happy with the results, it’s good quality. The etching, solder mask, and hole sizes are all done well and that is what matters to me. It takes a few hours for a design to get approved and then a couple of days to finish and ship. With more than a decade in the field of PCB prototypes and fabrication, PCBWay has proved its assurance from time to time. They always look at the needs of the customer from different regions in terms of quality, on-time delivery, cost-effectiveness and any other demanding requests.

These PCBs were manufactured by PCBWay and the finish quality really impressive, especially with the gold finish path. If you want to finish your product faster you could also ask PCBWay to make a panelized order where you receive multiple PCBs in a single panel. Together with this, you will also receive SMT Stencil from PCBWay which will save you time and effort. All the orders are high quality and could select a lot of settings such as thickness, flexible PCB, the colour of the solder masks, the number of layers, material, surface finish and more.

Aspects of PCBWay

High Delivery Rate

In previous years, the on-time delivery rate was 99%. Rather than PCB quality, PCBWay knows that the other most important factor is the shortest possible lead time, which is critical for R&D engineers, especially in the prototyping phase. PCBWay keeps working to ensure PCBs will be delivered to customers as soon as possible and they’re delighted. It takes only 3 to 15 days according to the courier service to deliver your products. After PCBWay moved to the new factory, the production capacity of multi-layer PCB can be as high as tens of thousands of square meters per month. So on-time delay is also reduced for that. They have the “Return and Refund” principle, for every unusable board caused by PCBWay, they will rebuild and refund the order soon.

Quality Assurance

When talking about quality assurance, all the PCB prototypes go through the most stringent tests rather than the basic visual checks. They have most of the testing and inspecting types of equipment used in the PCB prototyping industry, such as Flying Probe Testers, X-Ray Inspection Machines, and Automated Optical Inspection (AOI) Machines.

PCB Prototyping & Manufacturing

PCBWay can also make advanced PCBs which are high-quality PCBs and they are recommended for industrial types of equipment, instrumentation, automotive electronics, communication types of equipment, etc. They produce FR-4 and Aluminum boards and advanced PCBs like Rogers, HDI, and Flexible and Rigid-Flex boards, at a very reasonable price. Just check this Instant Quote to order premium PCBs for your hobby projects.

Check it out for a High-Quality PCB solder mask. There are some pictures below of the new colours of solder musks.

Previously there have 9 different types of solder masks available in their company. But now recently they have launched extra 4 solder masks that are pink, grey, orange and transparent solder masks.

PCB Assembly

It not only offers PCB Prototyping but also offers PCB Assembly service. You can order a full PCB board with attached components by uploading your BOM file. SMT & THT assembly starts from only 30$ including free stencil and worldwide shipping. The components can be sourced and provided by PCBWay, or by the clients themselves.

There are three types of assembly services:

Turnkey where PCBWay supplies all PCB parts.
Kitted or Consigned where the customer is responsible for buying and sending all parts to PCBWay.
Combo, where the customer supplies some parts and PCBWay, completes the rest.

3D Printing & CNC

It also produces Rapid Prototyping like 3D printing, CNC Machining, Sheet Metal Fabrication, and Injection Molding. The quality of the product is too premium and reliable. And also the best part is that you will receive your order within a minimum of 3 days.

About Components and Parts

Transmitter Part

HT12E Encoder IC

The HT12E is an 18-pin 212 series of encoder IC designed by Holtek which is mainly used for interfacing RF and infrared communication. It is generally paired with the same 212 series of decoders for remote control as applications.

HT12E can simply encode the 12-bit parallel inputs into serial outputs for RF communication. These 12-bits are divided into 8 address bits and 4 data bits.

Pin Description

Pin Name	Pin Number	Pin Description
A0,A1,A2,A3, A4,A5,A6, and A7	1 to 8	These are the 8-bit addresses, which are used to protect the data. It is mandatory to set the bits in the same pattern for both Encoder and Decoder ICs.
Ground	9	Connection for ground.
AD8, AD9, AD10, and AD11	10 to 13	These four pins are used to send the data to the HT12D decoder.
Transmission Enable(TE)	14	It should be connected to the ground to enable the transmission.
Oscillator pins 1 and 2	15 and 16	The IC has an inbuilt oscillator. This oscillator can be used by connecting a 1MΩ resistor between these two pins.
Output Data	17	Output Data pin for 433MHz RF transmitter.
V_CC	18	2.4V to 12V positive power supply.

RF Transmitter

433MHz RF Transmitter is an electronic module used for sending radio signals between any two devices. The encoded data that is sent by the transmitter module will be received by the receiver module at the receiver end. This RF signal has a frequency of 433MHz and a transmitting range of approximately 300 meters.

Receiver Part

HT12D Decoder IC

HT12D is an 18-pin decoder IC with 212 series of decoders designed by Holtek. It has been designed to achieve the maximum possible range from any radio/infrared transmitter-receiver set. In the standalone operation, 12-bit parallel data is received and the decoding process is done via this IC. Generally, this HT12D Decoder is used for remote control applications like burglar security systems, garage door controllers, etc.